Jianting Li, Yang Liu, Qiang Jiang, Lulu Wang, Rui Shi, Xiaoxia Ma, Lin Ding and Shuguang Pang
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which is characterized by an increased blood glucose concentration, insulin resistance and pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction has reached epidemic proportions worldwide and represents an important threat to global public health systems [1]. On the basis of available clinical evidence, metformin has been affirmed as the first-line therapy for patients with T2DM [2]. Although a few pathophysiological mechanisms have been proposed to explain these beneficial clinical effects of metformin, detailed mechanisms of action of metformin are still not fully understood, especially its relationship with bile acids.
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